Comparison of the effects and safety of dydrogesterone and medroxyprogesterone acetate on endometrial hyperplasia without atypia: a randomized controlled non-inferior phase Ⅲ clinical study / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective: To compare the effects and safety of dydrogesterone (DG) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on the treatment in patients with endometrial hyperplasia without atypia (EH). Methods: This was a single-center, open-label, prospective non-inferior randomized controlled phase Ⅲ trial. From February 2019 to November 2021, patients with EH admitted to the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University were recruited. Enrolled patients were stratified according to the pathological types of simple hyperplasia (SH) or complex hyperplasia (CH), and were randomised to receive MPA or DG. Untill May 14, 2022, the median follow-up time after complete response (CR) was 9.3 months (1.1-17.2 months). The primary endpoint was the 6-month CR rate (6m-CR rate). The secondary endpoints included the 3-month CR rate (3m-CR rate), adverse events rate, recurrence rate, and pregnancy rate in one year after CR. Results: (1) A total of 292 patients with EH were enrolled in the study with the median age of 39 years (31-45 years). A total of 135 SH patients were randomly assigned to MPA group (n=67) and DG group (n=68), and 157 CH patients were randomly assigned to MPA group (n=79) and DG group (n=78). (2) Among 292 patients, 205 patients enrolled into the primary endpoint analysis, including 92 SH patients and 113 CH patients, with 100 patients in MPA group and 105 in DG group, respectively. The 6m-CR rate of MPA group and DG group were 90.0% (90/100) and 88.6% (93/105) respectively, and there were no statistical significance (χ2=0.11, P=0.741), with the rate difference (RD) was -1.4% (95%CI:-9.9%-7.0%). Stratified by the pathology types, the 6m-CR rate of SH patients was 93.5% (86/92), and MPA group and DG group were respectively 91.1% (41/45) and 95.7% (45/47); and the 6m-CR rate of CH patients was 85.8% (97/113), and MPA group and DG group were 89.1% (49/55) and 82.8% (48/58) respectively. The 6m-CR rates of the two treatments had no statistical significance either (all P>0.05). A total of 194 EH patients enrolled into the secondary endpoint analysis, including 88 SH patients and 106 CH patients, and 96 patients in MPA group and 98 in DG group, respectively. The 3m-CR rate of SH patients were 87.5% (77/88), while the 3m-CR rates of MPA group and DG group were 90.7% (39/43) and 84.4% (38/45), respectively; the 3m-CR rate of CH patients was 66.0% (70/106), and MPA group and DG group had the same 3m-CR rate of 66.0% (35/53). No statistical significance was found between the two treatments both in SH and CH patients (all P>0.05). (3) The incidence of adverse events between MPA group and DG group had no statistical significance (P>0.05). (4) A total of 93 SH patients achieved CR, and the cumulative recurrence rate in one year after CR were 5.9% and 0 in MPA group and DG group, respectively. While 112 CH patients achieved CR, and the cumulative recurrence rate in one year after CR were 8.8% and 6.5% in MPA group and DG group, respectively. There were no statistical significance between two treatment groups (all P>0.05). Among the 93 SH patients, 10 patients had family planning but no pregnancy happened during the follow-up period. Among the 112 CH patients, 21 were actively preparing for pregnancy, and the pregnancy rate and live-birth rate in one year after CR in MPA group were 7/9 and 2/7, while in DG group were respectively 4/12 and 2/4, and there were no statistical significance in pregnancy rate and live-birth rate between the two treatment groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions: Compared with MPA, DG is of good efficacy and safety in treating EH. DG is a favorable alternative treatment for EH patients.

Incidence and genetic reproductive characteristics of AZFc microdeletion among patients with azoospermia or severe oligospermia / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the incidence of azoospermia factor c (AZFc) microdeletion among patients with azoospermia or severe oligospermia, its association with sex hormone/chromosomal karyotype, and its effect on the outcome of pregnancy following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment.@*METHODS@#A total of 1 364 males with azoospermia or severe oligospermia who presented at the Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Jiaxing College between 2013 and 2020 were subjected to AZF microdeletion and chromosome karyotyping analysis. The level of reproductive hormones in patients with AZFc deletions was compared with those of control groups A (with normal sperm indices) and B (azoospermia or severe oligospermia without AZFc microdeletion). The outcome of pregnancies for the AZFc-ICSI couples was compared with that of the control groups in regard to fertilization rate, superior embryo rate and clinical pregnancy rate.@*RESULTS@#A total of 51 patients were found to harbor AZFc microdeletion, which yielded a detection rate of 3.74%. Seven patients also had chromosomal aberrations. Compared with control group A, patients with AZFc deletion had higher levels of PRL, FSH and LH (P < 0.05), whilst compared with control group B, only the PRL and FSH were increased (P < 0.05). Twenty two AZFc couples underwent ICSI treatment, and no significant difference was found in the rate of superior embryos and clinical pregnancy between the AZFc-ICSI couples and the control group (P > 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The incidence of AZFc microdeletion was 3.74% among patients with azoospermia or severe oligospermia. AZFc microdeletion was associated with chromosomal aberrations and increased levels of PRL, FSH and LH, but did not affect the clinical pregnancy rate after ICSI treatment.

The Role and Function of Clinical Research Nurses in Anti-tumor Drug Clinical Trials for Lung Cancer Patients / 中国肺癌杂志

Clinical trials of anti-tumor drugs is not only the important way to develop new drugs, but also the most advanced treatment methods for malignant tumors, bringing survival benefits to patients. There are a large number of new anti-tumor drug clinical trials for lung cancer patients, covering a wide variety of anti-tumor drugs, and with rapid progress and high efficiency of clinical transformation. These trials could not be carried out successfully without the joint efforts of the research team, in which the research nurses also played a role that should not be underestimated. Combined with the work content of clinical research nurses, this paper introduced the post management, role function, core competence and career development prospect of clinical research nurses in the process of carrying out clinical trial of lung cancer drugs in detail. In order to provide reference for more medical institutions to carry out related work, and promote the further development of clinical research nurses to standardization and specialization.
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Research progress in association of neurological disorders and periodontal diseases / 中华口腔医学杂志

Periodontal diseases are inflammatory diseases caused by oral pathogens around the periodontal supporting tissues, leading to systemic and chronic inflammatory conditions. The continuous chronic systemic inflammation may be a trigger of neuroinflammation, which is the prominent feature of a variety of neurological disorders. It implies that there may be a causal link between periodontal diseases and neurological disorders. This article presents epidemiological and biological evidences that periodontal diseases can induce or exacerbate neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis and major depressive disorder, and analyzes the possible mechanisms. The importance of maintaining oral health as well as preventing and treating periodontal diseases are emphasized. At the same time, this may provide novel approaches to study the relationship between periodontal diseases and neurological disorders in the prevention and treatment strategies of neurological disorders.

Consensus of experts on the medical risk prevention for the patients with cardiovascular diseases during dental treatment (2022 edition) / 中华口腔医学杂志

With the aging process of population in the society, the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in China is increasing continuously and the number of dental patients with CVD is increasing gradually too. Due to the lack of guidelines for dental patients with CVD in our country, how to implement standardized preoperative evaluation and perioperative risk prevention remains a problem to be solved for dentists at present. The present expert consensus was reached by combining the clinical experiences of the expert group of the Fifth General Dentistry Special Committee, Chinese Stomatological Association and respiratory and cardiology experts in diagnosis and treatment for CVD patients, and by systematically summarizing the relevant international guidelines and literature regarding the relationship between CVD and oral diseases and the diagnosis and treatment of dental patients with heart failure, hypertension and antithrombotic therapy. The consensus aims to provide, for the dental clinicians, the criteria on diagnosis and treatment of CVD in dental patients in China so as to reduce the risk and complications, and finally to improve the treatment levels of dental patients with CVD in China.

Consensus of experts on the oral health management and medical risk prevention for the patients with chronic airway diseases (2022 edition) / 中华口腔医学杂志

Today, there is greater awareness on the association between oral diseases and respiration diseases after the outbreak of COVID-19. However, confusion regarding the oral health management and medical risk prevention for patients with chronic airway diseases has been remained among dental clinicians. Therefore, the dental experts of the Fifth General Dentistry Special Committee, Chinese Stomatological Association, combined with the experts of respiratory and critical care medicine, undertook the formation of consensus on the oral health management of patients with chronic airway diseases in order to help dental clinicians to evaluate medical risks and make better treatment decision in clinical practice. In the present consensus report, the relationship of oral diseases and chronic airway diseases, the oral health management and the treatment recommendations of patients with chronic airway diseases are provided.

MiR-494-3p Upregulation Exacerbates Cerebral Ischemia Injury by Targeting Bhlhe40

Purpose@#Cerebral ischemia is related to insufficient blood supply and is characterized by abnormal reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell apoptosis. Previous studies have revealed a key role for basic helix-loop-helix family member e40 (Bhlhe40) in oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. This study aimed to investigate the roles of miR-494-3p in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. @*Materials and Methods@#A mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO/R) model was established to mimic cerebral ischemia in vivo. Brain infarct area was assessed using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. Oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) operation was adopted to mimic neuronal injury in vitro. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. The relationship between miR-494-3p and Bhlhe40 was validated by luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. @*Results@#Bhlhe40 expression was downregulated both in MCAO/R animal models and OGD/R-induced SH-SY5Y cells. Bhlhe40 overexpression inhibited cell apoptosis and reduced ROS production in SH-SY5Y cells after OGD/R treatment. MiR-494-3p was verified to bind to Bhlhe40 and negatively regulate Bhlhe40 expression. Additionally, cell apoptosis and ROS production in OGD/ R-treated SH-SY5Y cells were accelerated by miR-494-3p overexpression. Rescue experiments suggested that Bhlhe40 could reverse the effects of miR-494-3p overexpression on ROS production and cell apoptosis. @*Conclusion@#MiR-494-3p exacerbates brain injury and neuronal injury by regulating Bhlhe40 after I/R.

Current status of mild hypothermia therapy for cardiac dysfunction with sepsis / 解放军医学杂志

Cardiac dysfunction (CD) combined with sepsis leads to increase in mortality in intensive care unit (ICU). Currently, the clinical treatment of CD with sepsis is the combination of delaying heart failure and anti-sepsis therapeutics. Mild therapeutic hypothermia (MTH) may decrease the body temperature to 32-35 ℃, improve symptom and decrease mortality in patients with CD and animal with sepsis. MTH has been used in animal models of heart failure and sepsis with pronounced outcomes and reduced mortality. However, it remains controversial if MTH can be used in treating patients with CD and sepsis due to its side effects, although the effectiveness of MTH on CD and sepsis has been testified. The present article reviews the application of MTH on animal researches, clinical use for treatment of patients with CD and sepsis, the effect and possible mechanisms of temperature on heart and sepsis, as well as the effect of MTH onto other organs and coagulation function.

Persistence and clearance of viral RNA in 2019 novel coronavirus disease rehabilitation patients / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#A patient's infectivity is determined by the presence of the virus in different body fluids, secretions, and excreta. The persistence and clearance of viral RNA from different specimens of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) remain unclear. This study analyzed the clearance time and factors influencing 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) RNA in different samples from patients with COVID-19, providing further evidence to improve the management of patients during convalescence.@*METHODS@#The clinical data and laboratory test results of convalescent patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to from January 20, 2020 to February 10, 2020 were collected retrospectively. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results for patients' oropharyngeal swab, stool, urine, and serum samples were collected and analyzed. Convalescent patients refer to recovered non-febrile patients without respiratory symptoms who had two successive (minimum 24 h sampling interval) negative RT-PCR results for viral RNA from oropharyngeal swabs. The effects of cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4)+ T lymphocytes, inflammatory indicators, and glucocorticoid treatment on viral nucleic acid clearance were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#In the 292 confirmed cases, 66 patients recovered after treatment and were included in our study. In total, 28 (42.4%) women and 38 men (57.6%) with a median age of 44.0 (34.0-62.0) years were analyzed. After in-hospital treatment, patients' inflammatory indicators decreased with improved clinical condition. The median time from the onset of symptoms to first negative RT-PCR results for oropharyngeal swabs in convalescent patients was 9.5 (6.0-11.0) days. By February 10, 2020, 11 convalescent patients (16.7%) still tested positive for viral RNA from stool specimens and the other 55 patients' stool specimens were negative for 2019-nCoV following a median duration of 11.0 (9.0-16.0) days after symptom onset. Among these 55 patients, 43 had a longer duration until stool specimens were negative for viral RNA than for throat swabs, with a median delay of 2.0 (1.0-4.0) days. Results for only four (6.9%) urine samples were positive for viral nucleic acid out of 58 cases; viral RNA was still present in three patients' urine specimens after throat swabs were negative. Using a multiple linear regression model (F = 2.669, P = 0.044, and adjusted R = 0.122), the analysis showed that the CD4+ T lymphocyte count may help predict the duration of viral RNA detection in patients' stools (t = -2.699, P = 0.010). The duration of viral RNA detection from oropharyngeal swabs and fecal samples in the glucocorticoid treatment group was longer than that in the non-glucocorticoid treatment group (15 days vs. 8.0 days, respectively; t = 2.550, P = 0.013) and the duration of viral RNA detection in fecal samples in the glucocorticoid treatment group was longer than that in the non-glucocorticoid treatment group (20 days vs. 11 days, respectively; t = 4.631, P  0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#In brief, as the clearance of viral RNA in patients' stools was delayed compared to that in oropharyngeal swabs, it is important to identify viral RNA in feces during convalescence. Because of the delayed clearance of viral RNA in the glucocorticoid treatment group, glucocorticoids are not recommended in the treatment of COVID-19, especially for mild disease. The duration of RNA detection may relate to host cell immunity.

Effect of group-based exercise on physical and psychological symptom cluster in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia during chemotherapy / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of group-based exercise on physical and psychological symptom cluster in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia during chemotherapy.Methods:32 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated in the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University were selected as study group, matched by age, gender, diagnosis, 32 acute lymphoblastic leukemia children in other tertiary hospital were included as control group. The control group were given routine care, children in the control group were carried out group-based exercise. The physical and psychological symptom status were measured by Memorial Symptom Asssessment Scale (MSAS) before and after intervention.Results:After intervention, children in the study group showed a decreased scores in pain, lack of appetite, weight loss and total physical symptom compared to the control group (1.45±0.31, 1.72±0.23, 0.56±0.11, 1.19±0.23, 1.35±0.09 vs 1.81±0.44, 1.96±0.29, 0.77±0.16, 1.66±0.39, 1.52±0.10), the differences was statically significant ( t value was 3.467-6.963, all P<0.05). After intervention, children in the study group showed a decreased scores in difficult concentrating, sad, irritable and total psychological symptom compared to the control group (1.26±0.23, 0.66±0.13, 2.11±0.33, 1.35±0.12 vs. 1.74±0.29, 0.90±0.20, 2.38±0.31, 1.51±0.13), the differences was statically significant ( t value was 3.260-7.070, all P<0.05). Conclusion:Group-based exercise can alleviate physical and psychological symptom distress in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia during chemotherapy.

Review of classical prescription Ganjiang Lingzhu Decoction / 中国中药杂志

Ganjiang Lingzhu Decoction is one of the first 100 classical prescriptions published by China in 2018. According to the published literature, it was found that there is no review on the history, evolution and research progress of this prescription. In order to reflect the history, modifications, quality control and clinical applications, this paper focuses on the origination, evolution, current development and modern studies of Ganjiang Lingzhu Decoction, in the hope of providing a reference for the heritage and innovation of other classical prescriptions.

Persistence and clearance of viral RNA in 2019 novel coronavirus disease rehabilitation patients / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Background@#A patient’s infectivity is determined by the presence of the virus in different body fluids, secretions, and excreta. The persistence and clearance of viral RNA from different specimens of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) remain unclear. This study analyzed the clearance time and factors influencing 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) RNA in different samples from patients with COVID-19, providing further evidence to improve the management of patients during convalescence.@*Methods@#The clinical data and laboratory test results of convalescent patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to from January 20, 2020 to February 10, 2020 were collected retrospectively. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results for patients’ oropharyngeal swab, stool, urine, and serum samples were collected and analyzed. Convalescent patients refer to recovered non-febrile patients without respiratory symptoms who had two successive (minimum 24 h sampling interval) negative RT-PCR results for viral RNA from oropharyngeal swabs. The effects of cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4)+ T lymphocytes, inflammatory indicators, and glucocorticoid treatment on viral nucleic acid clearance were analyzed.@*Results@#In the 292 confirmed cases, 66 patients recovered after treatment and were included in our study. In total, 28 (42.4%) women and 38 men (57.6%) with a median age of 44.0 (34.0–62.0) years were analyzed. After in-hospital treatment, patients’ inflammatory indicators decreased with improved clinical condition. The median time from the onset of symptoms to first negative RT-PCR results for oropharyngeal swabs in convalescent patients was 9.5 (6.0–11.0) days. By February 10, 2020, 11 convalescent patients (16.7%) still tested positive for viral RNA from stool specimens and the other 55 patients’ stool specimens were negative for 2019-nCoV following a median duration of 11.0 (9.0–16.0) days after symptom onset. Among these 55 patients, 43 had a longer duration until stool specimens were negative for viral RNA than for throat swabs, with a median delay of 2.0 (1.0–4.0) days. Results for only four (6.9%) urine samples were positive for viral nucleic acid out of 58 cases; viral RNA was still present in three patients’ urine specimens after throat swabs were negative. Using a multiple linear regression model (F=2.669, P=0.044, and adjusted R2=0.122), the analysis showed that the CD4+ T lymphocyte count may help predict the duration of viral RNA detection in patients’ stools (t=-2.699, P=0.010). The duration of viral RNA detection from oropharyngeal swabs and fecal samples in the glucocorticoid treatment group was longer than that in the non-glucocorticoid treatment group (15 days vs 8.0 days, respectively; t=2.550, P=0.013) and the duration of viral RNA detection in fecal samples in the glucocorticoid treatment group was longer than that in the non-glucocorticoid treatment group (20 days vs 11 days, respectively; t=4.631, P <0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in inflammatory indicators between patients with positive fecal viral RNA test results and those with negative results (P >0.05).@*Conclusions@#In brief, as the clearance of viral RNA in patients’ stools was delayed compared to that in oropharyngeal swabs, it is important to identify viral RNA in feces during convalescence. Because of the delayed clearance of viral RNA in the glucocorticoid treatment group, glucocorticoids are not recommended in the treatment of COVID-19, especially for mild disease. The duration of RNA detection may relate to host cell immunity.

The prognostic significance of estrogen and progesterone receptors in grade I and II endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma: hormone receptors in risk stratification / 부인종양

OBJECTIVES: Although patients with grade I and II endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma (EEA) are considered with good prognosis, among them 15%–25% died in 5 years. It is still unknown whether integrating estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) into clinical risk stratification can help select high-risk patients with grade I–II EEA. This study was to investigate the prognostic value of ER and PR double negativity (ER/PR loss) in grade I–II EEA, and the association between ER/PR loss and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) classification. METHODS: ER and PR were assessed by immunohistochemistry on hysterectomy specimens of 903 patients with grade I–II EEA. ER and PR negativity were determined when < 1% tumor nuclei were stained. Gene expression data were obtained from the TCGA research network. RESULTS: Compared with ER or PR positive patients (n=868), patients with ER/PR loss (n=35) had deeper myometrial infiltration (p=0.012), severer FIGO stage (p=0.004), and higher rate of pelvic lymph node metastasis (p=0.020). In univariate analysis, ER/PR loss correlated with a shorter progression-free survival (PFS; hazard ratio [HR]=5.25; 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.21–12.52) and overall survival (OS; HR=7.59; 95% CI=2.55–22.60). In multivariate analysis, ER/PR loss independently predicted poor PFS (HR=3.77; 95% CI=1.60–10.14) and OS (HR=5.56; 95% CI=1.37–22.55) for all patients, and poor PFS for patients in stage IA (n=695; HR=5.54; 95% CI=1.28–23.89) and stage II–IV (n=129; HR=5.77; 95% CI=1.57–21.27). No association was found between ER/PR loss and TCGA classification. CONCLUSION: Integrating ER/PR evaluation into clinical risk stratification may improve prognosis for grade I–II EEA patients.

Artesunate inhibits proliferation of glioblastoma cells by arresting cell cycle / 中国中药杂志

Glioblastoma is a common brain tumor and the overall survival rate of the patients is very low, so it is an effective way to develop the potential chemotherapy or adjuvant chemotherapy drugs in glioblastoma treatment. As a well-known antimalarial drug, artesunate(ARTs) has clear side effects, and recently it has been reported to have antitumor effects, but rarely reported in glioblastoma. Different concentrations of ARTs were used to treat the glioblastoma cells, and then the inhibitory effect of ARTs on glioblastoma proliferation was detected by MTT assay; Ki67 immunofluorescence assay was used to detect the proliferation of cells; Soft agar experiment was used to explain the clonal formation abilities ; Flow Cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle; and Western blot assay was used to determine the expression of key cell cycle protein. MTT assay results indicated that ARTs-treated glioblastoma cell A172, U251, U87 were significantly inhibited in a time-and-dose dependent manner as compared to the control group(DMSO treatment group). Soft agar experiment showed that ARTs could significantly reduce the clonal formation ability of glioblastoma. Furthermore, Flow cytometry analysis showed that ARTs could obviously increase the cell proportion in G₀/G₁ phase and reduce the cell proportion in S phase. Western blot results showed that the expressions of cell cycle-related proteins CDK2, CDK4, cyclin D1 and cyclin B1 were all obviously down-regulated. Above all, ARTs may inhibit the proliferation of glioblastoma cells by arresting cell cycle in G₀/G₁ phase through down-regulating the expression of CDK2, CDK4, cyclin D1, cyclin B1. These results may not only provide a novel method for rediscovering and reusing ARTs but also provide a new potential drug for treating glioblastoma.

Effect of 60Co Irradiation on 3 Active Ingredients in Compound Hemostatic Capsules / 中国药师

Objective: To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of 3 active components in compound he-mostatic capsules and investigate the content changes before and after 60Co-γ ray irradiation. Methods: An Agilent-C18column (250 mm×4. 6 mm, 5 μm) was adopted and the flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0. 5% phosphor-ic acid solution (triethylamine was used to adjust pH to 6) with gradient elution, the detection wavelength was 254 nm (0-35 min) and 281 nm (35-55 min), and the column temperature was 35℃. The compound hemostatic capsules were irradiated at 5, 8 and 10 kGy, respectively, and the contents of the 3 active components in compound hemostatic capsules were compared before and after the radia-tion,and the t-test was applied to investigate the significance. Results: Typhaneoside,isorhamnetin-3-O-neohesperidin and tetrahydro-palmatine respectively within the concentration range of 0. 018-0. 11 mg·ml-1,0. 020-0. 120 mg·ml-1and 0. 011-0. 066 mg·ml-1 showed a good linear relationship with the peak area. The average recovery was 97. 7% , 98. 7% and 99. 3% with the RSD of 0. 9% , 0. 9% and 0. 5% , respectively (n=6). After the irradiation, the contents of the three active components in compound hemostatic capsules all showed changes. Under the dose of 8 kGy, the content changes of typhaneoside and isorhamnetin-3-O- neohesperidin showed no statistical significance (P>0. 05),and when the dose increased to 10 kGy,the content of tetrahydropalmatine exhibited sig-nificant difference (P<0. 05). Conclusion: The established determination method for compound hemostatic capsule shows such ad-vantages as high recovery, good repeatability, simple operation and promising separation, which can be used as a quality control meth-od for compound hemostatic capsules. The sterilization effect of 60Co-γ ray irradiation on compound hemostatic capsules is significant without notable changes in the active components. When the irradiation dose is equal to or below 5 kGy,the change of each component is not obvious,which can provide reference for the radiation sterilization of compound hemostatic capsules.

Particle Size Distribution of Phenols in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke Aerosol / 分析化学

To measure particle size distribution of phenols in mainstream cigarette smoke aerosol,the particles of cigarette smoke aerosol were divided into 12 stages using single channel smoking machine coupled electrical low-pressure impactor (ELPI) and collected by 12 polyester films.The collected particles were weighted and then analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (UPLC-FLD) to determine the 14 phenols in the different size particles.The results showed that the aerosols collecting method had good stability with relative standard deviation (RSD) of collected particles mass less than 10%.The analyzing results of 14 phenols by UPLC-FLD showed that the linear correlation coefficients(R2) were greater than 0.9959,with detection limits were less than 1.2 ng/cig and recoveries were 80.1%-115.0%.The distributions of 14 phenols with respect to smoke aerosol particle size were investigated.The results indicated that except 4-ethyl-2-methoxy-phenol not detected,the other 13 phenols were detected in mainstream cigarette smoke aerosol.The content of 13 phenols appeared increasing at first and then decreasing with increase of the particle size which distributed in a pattern similar to that of particle mass.All of 13 phenols were present in higher amounts in the medium size particles (0.261-0.722 μm) with peak content in particles 0.431 μm.The distribution of concentrations (ratio of content to particle mass) of 13 phenols in different size particles was different.The concentrations of phenol and mono-substituted phenol appeared to first increase and then decrease with increasing smoke aerosol particle size and were higher in medium size particles (0.261-0.772 μm).The concentrations of benzenediol and mono-substituted benzenediol were uniformly distributed in medium size particles (0.144-1.166 μm),and the concentration of disubstituted phenol was uniform throughout the particles of varying sizes.

Expression and function of miR-194 in thymic epithelial cell with aging / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To study the expression and interaction between miR-194 and PTPN12 in the process of age-related atrophy of thymus for clarifying the regulatory mechanism in the process of this disease.Methods:C57BL/6 mouse were divided into 4 groups as 1 month,6 months,10 months and 19 months old and each group has 6 cases.Thymus tissue was removed and thymic stromal cells were isolated.And thymus epithelial cells were washed out by CD45 antibody and LS column after anesthesia.Fluorescence quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot were used to detect the changes of miR-194 and PTPN12 gene expression in thymus epithelial cells with aging.miR-194 and PTPN12 luciferase reporter vectors were transfected into HEK293 cells,and the auto fluorescence values were detected at 24 h and 48 h,respectively in vitro.Results:The expression level of miR-194 decreased (P<0.05),while the expression level of PTPN12 mRNA increased (P<0.05) as the age increased.And the correlation between miR-194 and PTPN12 mRNA expression was found to be negative(P<0.05).In vitro,luciferase reporter gene results show that miR-194 has a direct effect on the 3'UTR region of PTPN12 gene and had the highest binding efficiency in 48 h.Conclusion:PTPN12 is one of the target genes of miR-194,which is involved in the aging process of thymus and is an important factor regulating the function of thymic ep-ithelial cells.

Development of an evaluation index system for service quality of patients for patient safety / 中华护理杂志

Objective To develop a scientific and practical index system to evaluate service quality of patients for patient safety.Methods Using literature research method,expert group discussion,Delphi method and percentage weight method to determine the index system.Results For two rounds of surveys,the recovery rate of questionnaire was 88.46％ and 84.62％,respectively;the authority coefficients were 0.837 and 0.842,respectively.In the second round,variation coefficients of each item ranged from 0 to 0.213,and coefficient coordination were 0.429.The index system consisted of 6 first-level indexes,9 second-level indexes and 26 third-level indexes.Conclusion A scientific and reliable index system to evaluate service quality of patients for patient safety was developed,which provides a scientific assessment tool for the evaluation of service quality of patients for patient safety.

The Application of Hierarchical Chain Nursing in Pediatric Pneumonia Nursing / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To explore the effect of stratified chain nursing model on the efficacy, symptom improvement and nursing satisfaction in pediatric pneumonia nursing. Me thods 58 cases of pediatric pneumonia in our hospital from March 2015 to March 2016 were selected as the control group. 58 cases of pediatric pneumonia in our hospital from April to April 2017 were selected as observation group. After 2 weeks of care, the two groups were compared in the curative effect, the symptoms improved and the nursing satisfaction. Re s ults The total effective rate of the two groups was significantly higher than that of the control group (P＜0.05). The disappearance time of fever, the time of disappearance of cough, the time of disappearance of lung rales and the time of hospitalization were shorter than those of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P ＜0.05). The observation group had higher evaluation scores in ward environment, nursing technology, sense of responsibility, health education, psychological care, and service attitude than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P ＜0.05). Conclus ion Hierarchical chain nursing model is effective in the treatment of pediatric pneumonia, which can effectively improve the curative effect and nursing satisfaction, which is beneficial to the improvement of symptoms.

Implementation of Knowledge Management in Chinese Hospitals / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The implementation of knowledge management (KM) in hospitals affects efficiency and outcomes of hospitals.However,few studies explored the implementation of KM in China.Twenty-two questions were designed concerning KM implementation status in over 50 hospitals.In order to understand the KM level and attitude to KM of the hospital's managers,a random sampling survey was conducted among 138 managers from 50 different scales of hospitals in 15 provinces of China.The survey showed that overall level of KM implementation in Chinese hospitals was still low and differed among different scales of hospitals (P＜0.05,or P＜0.01).In all the hospitals investigated,63.8％ did not implement KM yet,among which 46％ even had not planned for that.49.8％ of the hospitals investigated had no training program about KM ever and the main source of hospital staff to get knowledge was iuternet.It suggested that hospital managers should make much more efforts to get to know and understand theories on KM,so that hospital KM could be promoted more rapidly.